We’ve had some debates here about tax rates and tax cuts and one of the sub-debates within that is whether tax cuts pay for themselves, meaning that tax cuts spur enough growth that total tax intake is at least as high as it would have been without the tax cuts.
The short answer is no. No serious economist either on the left or the right believes that. In fact many conservative economists have gone out of their way to point out that the “tax cuts pay for themselves” argument is false and to please not mix them together with the cranks (mainly at National Review or the Bush administration) that still claim or imply this.
As reported last October :
Federal revenue is lower today than it would have been without the tax cuts. There's really no dispute among economists about that," said Alan D. Viard, a former Bush White House economist now at the nonpartisan American Enterprise Institute. "It's logically possible" that a tax cut could spur sufficient economic growth to pay for itself, Viard said. "But there's no evidence that these tax cuts would come anywhere close to that."Economists at the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office and in the Treasury Department have reached the same conclusion. An analysis of Treasury data prepared last month by the Congressional Research Service estimates that economic growth fueled by the cuts is likely to generate revenue worth about 7 percent of the total cost of the cuts, a broad package of rate reductions and tax credits that has returned an estimated $1.1 trillion to taxpayers since 2001.
Why do we still read that tax cuts pay for themselves if not even conservative economists believe this? Because that’s what much of the GOP base wants to hear as National Review’s recent interview of John McCain shows. Greg Mankiw , the former Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers explains that:
But unfortunately, fealty to the most extreme supply-side views is de rigeur in some segments of the Republican party.
Will the base accept they are wrong? I doubt it.
CLARIFICATION: The purpose of this diary is ONLY to address those that still claim or believe that tax cuts, specially the Bush tax cuts, pay for themselves. There are people that believe this. It is not meant to address what taxes are best or worst or what levels of taxation we should have, something I have not opined on. It is not meant to address other, possibly related, issues.
CLARIFICATION 2: What does “tax cuts that pay for themselves” mean? It means that the tax intake after the tax cuts is at least the same as it would have been without them. Another way of looking at it, and what Vaird is quoted as saying is that tax revenues today are lower than they would be without the tax cuts. So if we have X revenues today, without the tax cuts we would have Y revenues, where Y>X.
This is important. This is the CORE of this diary. There are people who think we can have a free lunch, that we can cut taxes and still get as much or more revenue as we would have otherwise. No serious economist from either side that any of the tax cuts have this property of paying themselves.
Notice that there are a bunch of related issues, such as the growth impact of the tax cuts or what the optimal level of taxation is, that I am NOT addressing in this diary.

Some do, some don't
(#34497)For an example from the Flemish government see this link http://www.dirkvanmechelen.be/persberichten.php?id=124 In dutch but the important part is the table. They show tax revenues before and after cutting taxes on gifts between private individuals. There have been a few more cases like this in Flanders (taxes on house sales for example and inheritance tax)
While I agree this is a bit of a special case that probably does not apply in the US (cutting taxes that were relatively easy to evade from a high base) and most of the time the government is a net loser when cutting taxes. But that is not the important question. We need to frame the question differently : is the government a better spender than the private individual? And is that (possible) optimized spending worth the loss in tax revenue? Surely a much harder question to answer...
A better spender?
(#34538)No. The government is obviously less efficient at allocating resources than the market is. If economic efficiency were the only thing that mattered in life, I'd be a libertarian for sure. But those of us who quaintly continue to call ourselves "liberals" believe that, while the market is very efficient, there are some things it does not do well and cannot be trusted with. Three off the top of my head would be the Tragedy of the Commons, the prevention of monopolies, and the assurance of a minimal standard of living for people who cannot/will not take care of themselves. There are also issues relating to information imbalances, e.g. labeling requirements on food, assurance of fair lending practices, etc.
The other day I heard that ignorance and apathy are sweeping the country. I didn't know that, but I don't really care.
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parentYou are contradicting yourself
(#34549)If the market is always better at allocating resources, then there is no reason not to trust it. All the flaws you put forward show instances where the market is not necessarily the best possible spender.
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parentSemantics
(#34561)Conflating two different meanings of the word "best". From a market perspective the best way to deal with, say, crack babies is to let them die, but it's hardly the best way from a human perspective.
The other day I heard that ignorance and apathy are sweeping the country. I didn't know that, but I don't really care.
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parentTax cuts certainly pay for themselves
(#34492)if they enhance the long term growth in capital (hard and soft) formation and the related economic efficiencies which follow.
The simple question is, who makes better investment decisions the private or the public sector. Second and related, what is the optimal mix in the decision making process.
““I am sick and tired of people who say that if you debate and disagree with this administration, somehow you’re not patriotic. We need to stand up and say we’re Americans, and we have the right to debate and disagree with any administration!”” –H
Answers to your questions:
(#34501)1) Yes.
2) Now there's a wrangling worthy of a democratic process.
It's impossible to debate if people simply hold beliefs that have no grounding in reality.
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parentClarification on a clarification
(#34299)Mr. Gabriel,
My counter-point is that I have demonstrated that SOME of the Bush tax cuts have indeed paid for themselves and continue to do so.
of course you did luis...
(#34300)Your posts read like someone who doesn't understand calculus but is convinced he knows more than MIT's math department.
All I can say is that if you think you proved it you should write it up and send it to an academic journal. I'm sure they'd love to read it.
This place is my vacation.
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parentPompous name calling.
(#34310)And outraged demands that others buy into how you read your chosen experts.
Pretty typical "debating" techinque from you Gabe.
Less than helpful.
The Jingoist
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parentMy "chosen" experts?
(#34311)The US treasury Department, the Congessional Budget Office (led by a supply sider) and two former Bush adminstration economists, including the former Chairman of the CEA?
Those "chosen" experts?
This place is my vacation.
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parentStill refusing to address a single point made by Luis.
(#34318)No one denies the linear math, the question is the effect of the incentives.
Luis specifically points to the idea that not all taxes are the same; and that some recent tax cuts have in fact paid for themselves.
The real question is have the recent tax cuts reduced revenue to the detriment of the economy or the government services. Not whether the recent tax cuts have "reduced revenue."
Your "reduced revenue" is a straw man - no one voted for the entire package of tax cuts in order to maximize government revenue, instead it was with the idea that spurring the economy by cutting rates would still generate sufficient revenue for the government.
Now, we know that Federal tax revenue has increased, your shading it as "reduced" is actually a well accepted hypothetical, not the gospel you'd like us to believe. That is the recognized reduction is in what a higher rate would have achieved with the same economic activity, not a reduction from what was collected in prior years.
But as Mac notes, that's not the important question, whether we could maximize tax revenue.
The Jingoist
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parentreduced revenue
(#34323)is most certainly not a strawman. I don't know why people voted for the tax cuts and don't really care since that is NOT the topic I am addressing. I am addressing people that think that the tax cuts pay for themselves. That is all.
This place is my vacation.
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parentIf "that is all" then the answer is: sometimes.
(#34329)No one says all the time.
The Jingoist
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parentDoes my credit card pay for itself?
(#34267)The short answer is no.
Sure, I'd like to beleive that by charging more I'd drive my balance down, but wanting to believe won't make it so.
Same with tax cuts - cutting taxes won't increase revenue any more than running up my credit card will reduce my indebtedness. Why there's any serious debate about this is a mystery.
yes, it's a mistery
(#34272)People cling to all kinds of irrational beliefs.
This place is my vacation.
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parentBecause I have just demonstrated two cases
(#34271)Mr. Clem,
http://www.theforvm.org/diary/luisalegria/tax-reform-of-2003-dividends
http://www.theforvm.org/diary/luisalegria/cbo-prediction-failure
These require a great deal of explanation by the tax-cuts-do-not-increase-revenues people. The CBO (like all the other official agencies) has been badly understating its revenue forecasts since 2003 for exactly this reason, and is doing it again this year.
More generally, people respond to tax cuts in several ways, among them (as per my examples) changing their tendency to recognize capital gains or companies tendency to retain or distribute accumulated profits to their stockholders. These do not imply economic stimulation, just a change in behavior.
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parentSeveral points:
(#34355)Taxation cannot be lumped into one basket. Taxes vary widely, and can be characterized as regressive or progressive, sales taxes versus income taxes. To make any sense of "higher taxes", we must know who is paying the tax, how much tax he is paying, what impact those taxes have on the economy and personal income.
A far more cogent debate centers on expenditures. These, too, fall into different camps: as with our own budgets, some are fixed obligations, others are disposable income. Some are outright stupid: not paying off credit cards when the bills come due.
Some of us are old enough to the confiscatory tax rates under Carter, Nixon's wage and price controls. It is simplistic to say less taxes means less income: to my mind, Luis has amply demonstrated lowering taxes in specific areas has increased commerce to the point where there is a net gain in revenue collection. This cannot continue indefinitely, to be sure, I believe in progressive taxation, since it impacts the smallest number of people. Regressive taxes such as sales and consumption taxes impact far more people, and usually poorer people.
C'mon, people, cut Luis some slack here. He's done his homework, to my satisfaction anyway.
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parentBut he hasn't demonstrated
(#34377)Cause or effect - in the current economic environment what with the wealth distribution and growing stock market, OF COURSE revenues are up.
He most certainly hasn't demonstrated that they'd be lower if you cut the tax rate in half. Activity would be lower, sure, I'll buy that. But total revenue? He hasn't come close to demonstrating that would be lower.
What he demonstrated was that the CBO projections are consistently too low, and then set the real revenue after cuts against the too-low projections and concluded that the tax cuts created the growth - AKA that those CBO projections would have held had we not cut taxes.
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parentBut I think I have
(#34411)Mr. Dionysius,
Or at least made a good argument as to cause and effect.
- Capital Gains and Dividend income are way up vs the peak of the last business cycle, several times what we saw in 1998-2000.
- The increases in both Capital Gains and Dividend increases are concurrent with the JGTRRA rate cuts.
- Asset appreciation over the last three years has been much less than during the peak of the last business cycle - equities have been stagnant in comparison, real estate has been slowing down and peaking, etc.
What can we conclude ?
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parentNegative savings rate
(#34419)Leads to realized capital gains - that negative savings rate, in dollar terms over the whole economy is probably bigger than the cut in capital gains taxes
Mortgage refis lead to capital gains - that's way, way, way, way bigger than the cut in capital gains and is I suspect the key driver in a higher rate of capital gains recently.
Income stratification means more money is in situations where it receives dividends or is subject to capital gains - this is also significant.
I agree that the cut probably spurred some additional movement. I just don't think a cut in half of the tax rate more than doubled (tripled?) the movement, which is what would be necessary for your statement to be correct.
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parentBut the "movement" did double or triple
(#34424)Mr. Dionysius,
And -
Mortgage refis are way down since 2004, not up, since interest rates went up.
Dividend income has also tripled, at least, vs the last peak (as it had done at the time of the last available data which is 2 years old). This is a specific category of income, but dividends do not increase because of stratification, you should rather say it helps cause stratification. Where did that money come from to generate dividends ?
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parentWell, I'd call dividends an indicator
(#34523)of stratification as well as an abettor of stratification - one of those, the rich will keep getting richer while the poor are slowly locked out if you leave everything to themselves philosophy that us liberals tend to believe, you may differ.
Anyways, the income stratification happening presently is just the shape of the economy - automation, outsourcing, etc. Capital is becoming cheaper while (domestic) labor is becoming much more expensive. These things are all much bigger than the capital gains tax cut.
I can support the capital gains tax cut, even, if it wasn't done when we already had a deficit. I can't support the top-heavy income tax cuts - why couldn't Bush have just cut taxes for the middle class if he was so big on it.
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parentThe tax cuts of 2001
(#34544)Mr. Dionysius,
Don't seem to have "paid for themselves" at all, in part I think because they were in fact oriented towards the lower income quintiles and amounted to very little in effective reduction of marginal tax rates. This is a useful table to show what actually did happen -
http://www.nber.org/~taxsim/marginal-tax-rates/plusstate.html
The top quintile pays over 80% of the taxes that are likely to respond to incentives. If one wants to move tax collections closer to the "sweet spot", the high point of the Laffer curve if you will, it is tweaking in this area, "tax cuts for the rich", that will yield results.
Compare the results of tax collections in 2002-2003 vs what did happen in 2004-2006, after the very effective 2003 JGTRRA, which dramatically reduced taxes on dividends and capital gains.
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parentAll you say is true, but let's get specific here...
(#34382)When we talk about "tax rates", which tax are we talking about here? Capital gains? Income tax, AMT? Dog licenses?
I don't believe Luis is talking about spending ourselves rich here. I have excellent reasons to agree with you and disagree with him, but let's get specific here.
There exists a parabola, wherein too much tax inhibits economic growth tending towards one zero on the X axis, and too little tax starves government below its ability to do its job. Too much tax, as in the Nixon-Ford-Carter years, was demonstrably bad for the economy. Lowering taxes puts more money in circulation, and here's where Liberals get it right, but if those dollars end up at the liquor store, they will be promptly recaptured in sales taxes.
Luis and I both agree the CBO models are low, and he posits tax cuts created money motion. I don't buy into his argument completely, every time I get going on trying to pin him into a model-driven discussion, he waves his hand dismissively and tells me it's all too complex.
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parentRemember that
(#34386)the "miracle years' of the US economy, from roughly 1945 to 1973, had some of the highest marginal rates ever.
Or look at tax revenues as percentage of GDP in countries across the world. The ones with the lowest tend also to be the poorest.
This place is my vacation.
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parentThis is true: that's the other tail of the X axis.
(#34388)Just because taxes are low doesn't make it a great place to live. Low taxes = dirt roads and no policemen.
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parentIncome taxes are income taxes
(#34385)I would agree that a consumption tax is very different from an income tax but I don't see what the important distinction is between AMT and capital gains taxes.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentThere are very big differences
(#34415)Mr. Neponset,
Between ordinary income (wages, interest, etc.) and cap gains.
Ordinary income tends to be unavoidable; without some tricky accounting it has to be be realized. But people usually have an option to put off realizing Capital Gains. And transactions can often be delayed or structured so as to avoid them entirely. However, this can come at an opportunity cost.
Thus a significant reduction in cap gains rates is a big and immediate incentive for a behavior change.
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parentCap gains taxes beat up on old people
(#34468)As a Liberal, that's why I'm for lowering cap gains. Some old couple who salted away their money get beaten up every time they sell stocks to pay for their retirement.
Current tax policy discourages younger people from investing for the long term. What's the point of owning investment instruments if you're going to get a beating when you sell? Sure, there are routes to avoiding some taxes on some investment income via a 401K , or other more clever tax dodges, but we're not a nation of investors, because of the ruinous taxes of cap gains.
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parentRuinous taxes.
(#34477)My only problem with this statement is that investment behavior really didn't change with the '96 capital gains decreases.
I do know of people who are sitting on assets instead of selling them because of concerns regarding capital gains taxes -- what baffles me is that inflation is apparently not part of the calculations for long-term investment? I mean, sure, ignore it for a yearlong purchase to make the math easier, but if someone holds ground for 50 years, inflation alone is going to cause it to quadruple in price (at least).
It's impossible to debate if people simply hold beliefs that have no grounding in reality.
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parentHow to shut people up on inflation-adjusted capital gains
(#34839)in one sentence.
Fine, if it makes sense to inflation-adjust capital gains, it also makes sense to allow the mortgage interest deduction only to the extent that the interest is greater than inflation.
Hey, tens of millions of Americans just lost the mortgage interest deduction entirely or nearly so. Suddenly the plan doesn't look so good.
Indexing only capital gains is just more heads I win, tails you lose.
The purpose of torture is torture. —Orwell
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parentYes and no...
(#34840)In terms of the mortgage deduction, we're only talking about one year, so the interest on the mortgage may be a vaguely reasonable approximation of the real interest -- or, at least, 2/3 of the real interest. We may make a policy decision to round for the sake of simplicity.
This really isn't true for an asset held for 20 years. That stuff adds up.
It's impossible to debate if people simply hold beliefs that have no grounding in reality.
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parentInteresting point, which I had not considered.
(#34507)I can't summon up any facts one way or the other, I'll take your word for now, I can't imagine people who won't protect as much as possible under a 401K, at least. Could you point me at anything which would confirm your position, I've been preaching More People Oughta Invest for a while now. I can't imagine people not investing, it's slow suicide.
I have a few ideas why ordinary people not investing, none of which are relevant. I have a suspicion they don't know how investing works for the little guy: it seems like a big guy's game. But then, I'll never understand why anyone would get a variable rate mortgage or run up their credit cards, either. Won't go broke underestimating the intelligence of the ordinary American.
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parentAmen! I agree! Good Plan!!!
(#34475):) . . . Seriously, I do agree.
The K Codes explained HERE.
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parentCapital gains taxes are only one aspect of AMT
(#34387)There are tons of other things which go into AMT calculation. Worst thing about AMT is this: it's not indexed to inflation, so it captures more taxpayers each year. It's a monstrously unfair tax.
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parentI know about AMT and...
(#34389)...I agree that it is monstrously unfair but I don't understand why we need to specify what type of income tax we are discussing before we can decide if income tax cuts pay for themselves.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentBelieve me, I'm far more on your side than his
(#34462)yet in the interests of reasonableness, it seems only fair to note the parabola I describe. Lowering a fundamentally progressive tax like income tax on the very wealthy makes Liberals suspicious: it looks too much like a payback for Bush's Base, and I dare say it is a payback. A Liberal like me says, "hey, wait a minute, if the rich pay less tax, doesn't that imply less taxes collected?" Apparently, the answer is more complex than it might seem at first glance.
Maybe I'm defending Luis from sheer perversity. Luis Alegria's math seems to work: the CBO models aren't accounting for the true amount of tax collected, and I don't have a good answer why they routinely under-predict. I'm a model maker, I build these contraptions, the actuaries feed them data, and I have to go back to the drawing board like Wile E Coyote at least twice a week to tune them.
I don't think Luis is an advocate of Supply Side, but I have my own Liberal version of Supply Side. I don't care how rich people get, as long as more poor people climb out of poverty and into the middle class. In the course of this migration, the rising tide floats all boats. The middle class is increasingly falling victim to the AMT, a beartrap invented to catch the Very Rich, but now catches far too many taxpayers. That's what happens when we invent these traps, it's easy to demonize the Very Rich saying, "oh, those rich guys, let's soak them, they can afford high taxes." Be careful what you ask for, when you legislate bear traps like AMT, you might get it. Those whom the gods would destroy, they answer their prayers.
Taxation ought to be taken away from the politicians: the tax code has grown to brobdignagian proportions, and one man's loophole is another man's safety net. I believe econometrics and taxation obey the laws of every other dynamical system, and can be modeled. The goal of such a model must provide an effective taxation strategy. In the course of developing such models, we can eliminate regressive taxation, market distortions caused by tax avoidance strategies and budget deficits. There is no excuse for our current piecemeal taxation strategy and all this shouting: the Dismal Science ain't politics.
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parentYou are absolutely correct about the AMT
(#34470)it should have been indexed.
““I am sick and tired of people who say that if you debate and disagree with this administration, somehow you’re not patriotic. We need to stand up and say we’re Americans, and we have the right to debate and disagree with any administration!”” –H
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parentCritical flaw in all these analyses
(#34266)Mr. Gabriel,
Is that they all but ignore behavioral effects on tax collections, which is a proclivity of economists as their models all hinge on macroeconomic effects. Note that they assume that the argument is that tax cuts will increase revenues through economic stimulation. This is definitely the case with the CBO. It is a blind spot.
Now, that does not mean that all tax cuts can lead to increased revenues. The tax cuts of 2001 certainly didn't. But that doesn't mean it doesn't happen.
As for proof, I have shown two cases of tax cuts that have unquestionably raised revenues. What are you going to believe, theory or your own eyes ?
Actually I expect that the "interesting" effects of the 2003 cuts will stimulate a new discussion on the subject before too long.
I don't think anyone...
(#34275)... serious can pretend that there is no Laffer curve, Mr. Alegria. But many on the supply side don't grasp their own theory -- they pretend the curve is a straight line. If the tax rate were zero, then we'd really have boffo revenues!
"I don't want us to descend into a nation of bloggers." - Steve Jobs
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parentThere is of course a Laffer curve
(#34290)Mr. Wagster,
But the more common error is in fact to pretend that there isn't. The standard forecasting rubric for tax revenues (as used by the Federal agencies) is effectively linear.
You are comparing the erroneous (or actually I don't know how erroneous, that "zero tax rate" thing is a strawman) ideas of a tiny minority versus the equally erroneous ideas of the conventional wisdom. What is the more significant problem here ?
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parentRE There is of course a Laffer curve
(#34302)Yes, there is a Laffer curve. The thing is, we're solidly on the left hand side of it so lowering taxes lowers revenue rather than increasing them. Were tax rates high enough that we were on the right hand side of the curve then lowering taxes would increase revenue. But we're not.
Even Reagan figured that out eventually.
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parentWhich tax, when ?
(#34309)Mr. Clem,
We have a lot of taxes. There are a lot of ways to cut them. We may be on the left or right of the curve depending on circumstances. I have presented data to show that we were on "the right hand side" of two at least.
Reagans tax increases were a tiny fraction of what he had initially cut - he cut the official marginal income tax rate from 70% to 50% and then to 28%, raised later by the first Bush administration to 31%. That was an adjustment in search of a "sweet spot" it seems to me.
http://www.truthandpolitics.org/top-rates.php
The effective marginal rate changes less drastically because of shifts in who is paying, exemptions, behavior, etc. Have a look here -
http://www.nber.org/~taxsim/marginal-tax-rates/plusstate.html
The effective rate in 2006 on wages and interest has not moved much, and is more or less at 1980's-early 1990's levels. The tax cuts of 2001 were very slight, rate-wise. But oddly enough, dividends and cap gains rates are dramatically lower since 2003 (JGTRRA)- and voila, revenues from dividends and cap gains are dramatically higher.
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parentTiny minority?
(#34301)Mr. Alegria, the idea that tax cuts inevitably spur revenue growth is a touchstone of what used to be the dominant political party in the United States. You'd be hard-pressed to find a Republican candidate who would nay-say that.
"I don't want us to descend into a nation of bloggers." - Steve Jobs
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parentThat is not true
(#34306)Mr. Wagster,
The anti-taxers had and have various arguments - some state that tax reductions improve economic growth, others that the state is too large, others, indeed, that these can increase tax revenues. But nobody that I know of has stated that tax collections will be maximized at 0% rates.
The official planning and forecasting bodies of the government are a much more significant matter.
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parentHow surprising...
(#34427)That they should not use my reductio ad absurdum formulation.
"I don't want us to descend into a nation of bloggers." - Steve Jobs
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parentSpeak to Gabe and clem then.
(#34285)I don't think Luis has denied that at some point in time tax reduction will lose positive economic impact due to loss of government services.
Nor has Luis denied that at a probably earlier point, tax revenue will be adversly impacted due to low rates and minimal boost.
But I think the primary issue is the progressive/libertarian split on the justification of taxes:
Progressive view taxes as owned by the State; the question is only how much to levy and how to spend.
Libertarian view on taxes is that the revenue is taken by the State from the rightful owners of wealth; there is an initial question to be answered: how much of a levy is just.
The Jingoist
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parentThat's not the debate here
(#34286)The debate here is whether tax cuts pay for themselves something a small group of supply siders claim even though it's considered nonsense by economists from both the left and the right.
The justification of taxes is a separate issue. What taxes are best or how much we should tax are issues I did not address. We can always debate that.
This place is my vacation.
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parentThat isn't a debate
(#34288)Just like this diary, it is only a strawman fallacy.
It isn't worth arguing, and it isn't worth anyone getting upset about or insulting other's knowledge.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentHmm, Interesting
(#34298)At what point does accusing someone of making a straw man argument become, uhm, a straw man argument?
“Two clichés make us laugh but a hundred clichés move us, because we sense dimly that the clichés are talking among themselves, celebrating a reunion." - Umberto Eco
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parentNot a debate?
(#34289)Really? You should tell that to Luis and Larry Kudlow. They sem to think there is a debate.
BTW, what is a strawman fallacy?
This place is my vacation.
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parentIt is...
(#34291)...where you ignore someone's real position and instead erect a substitute position (a straw man) that is easy for you to shred apart. The substitute is usually a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented one like... well, this diary.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentStraw man? A non-straw sampling from a few google-minutes
(#34346)From NRO:
From Ron Suskind on Paul O'Neill, via Brad Delong:
More 2003 supply-side spin, via Spinsanity:
Jack Kemp on Cheney in 2000:
Bush and Cheney in 2006:
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parentThanks for proving the point.
(#34365)Gabe states "tax cuts do not pay for themselves."
In opposition we state, sometimes they do, you cannot make a definitive categorical statement.
Now, has the treasury recieved more income on an annual basis after that Bush tax cuts, than before them?
If so, then we can afford them, unless the resulting deficit impedes the economy (assuming spending still exceeds income - a safe assumption).
Now, interesting to note, Gabe's point - "meaning that tax cuts spur enough growth that total tax intake is at least as high as it would have been without the tax cuts" - is not the same thing the "expert" stated - "Federal revenue is lower today than it would have been without the tax cuts. There's really no dispute among economists about that," said Alan D. Viard.
The entire purpose of the tax cuts is not that future government revenue will be maximized, and a tax cut does "pay for itself" if the revenue is measurably larger than before, not if the tax revenue is maximized. The debate is whether the increased economic activity was increased partially/primarily by the cut. It is a question of how much to attribute to the incentive spur.
Those R sources do not say what Gabe claims - hence he is arguing a strawman.
Yep, politicians are arguing with sound bites, claiming authorship of good things and running from the bad.
But no one argues that 35% of x is larger than 50% of x, just that x will be larger in the future if more of it is invested in the economy, and not in taxes.
The Jingoist
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parentDefine "pay for itself"
(#34369)I would take that to mean: the federal budget sees no change or a surplus after a tax cut, without cutting services.
Agreed that increasing total revenue (above inflation) should not be the goal: but that is exactly what Cheney et al. appear to be saying.
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentYou must get specific
(#34428)Mr. Jordan,
A tax cut would "pay for itself" if it increases or maintains equal revenues vs what would be expected sans cut - a deficit or surplus requires the cooperation of outlays, an entirely separate matter. Focus on revenues.
Cheney - "because the President's package will generate new growth, it will expand the tax base and thus increase tax revenue to the federal government ultimately."
Cheney said very clearly I think that the tax cuts he had in mind (what became the JGTRRA of 2003) were meant to pay for themselves in just the way I said, there would be more collected in these categories than would otherwise be expected. It seems that he has been completely vindicated, and O'Neill was proven wrong.
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parentIf that is in fact what happened,
(#34452)then you'd be proving the diary wrong in this one case. Do the numbers support this contention?
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentI believe they do
(#34476)Mr. Jordan,
That is the gist of my various posts on this subject -
http://www.theforvm.org/diary/luisalegria/tax-reform-of-2003-dividends
http://www.theforvm.org/diary/luisalegria/cbo-prediction-failure
I showed that there was otherwise unaccountable growth in dividend incomes and capital gains after the JGTRRA of 2003. Far beyond CBO predictions both pre and post tax cuts in the one case, and far beyond the previous historical maximum in the other.
We may have another such effect (but probably indirect) in the case of corporate profits.
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parentHuh?
(#34368)Viard is saying exactly what I am saying. What do you find confusing?
Saying that tax cuts don't pay for themselves is exactly the same as saying that revenues are lower than they would be without the cuts.
This place is my vacation.
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parentNope
(#34372)You are claiming that pro-tax cut proponent say 35% of x is more than 39% of x. They are not. WE are saying that the economic activity stimulated by cuts (x gets bigger) in taxes will lead to increased tax revenue.
Whether the tax rate hits the sweet spot is an exercise in academic minutia.
Have tax revenues increased since the 2003 tax rate decreases?
If so, then the tax rate bet made by the pro-cut voters paid off. Sure you can make the argument that the economy would have grown anyway, but you actuall have to make that argument, not blather on that "it coulda been more."
The fact that the Federal deficit grew is a spending issue, not a tax one.
The Jingoist
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parentHmm...
(#34375)it seems you are confused what "tax cuts pay themselves" means. It means that the tax intake after the tax cuts is at least the same as it would have been without them. So it's not enough to say that tax revenues grew in nominal terms.
That's what both Viard and Mankiw are referring to. Both recognize that without the tax cuts tax revenues today would be HIGHER than what they are.
This place is my vacation.
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parentI agree, your experts are focusing on the wrong thing
(#34390)I'm assuming you do believe in the Laffer curve, so I'll address your formulation with that assumption. Since the Bush tax cut, Federal Revenue has increased.
http://taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/2005/12/growth_in_feder.html
http://www.heritage.org/research/features/budgetchartbook/index.cfm
Why Not?
Are you saying we think that 35% is bigger than 40%?
The Jingoist
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parentNo, we're saying that you ignore important things like
(#34433)inflation, population growth, and what growth of GDP would have been in the absence of tax cuts, even assuming arguendo that it would have been lower. The naive argument is to take the curve of govt tax collections, which has a general upward trend for all of these reasons, and make a straight horizontal line extrapolation to create the baseline against which post-cut revenues are measured. (Even then, in the case of the Reagan cuts, it became necessary to pull of dishonest tricks like combining the revenues from taxes that went up, like FICA, with taxes that were cut.)
I'm reminded of the children's story The Phantom Tollbooth and its subtraction stew, of which the more you ate the hungrier you were.
The purpose of torture is torture. —Orwell
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parentHow can you say *I'm* ignoring those things
(#34483)When I'm the one making those caveat's?
This was way down stream, but sums up my points.
I agree, linear progressions that purport to represent complex mechanisms are simplistic and too often used to grind axes, not illuminate through debate of the actual issues.
Now, looking at the charts at my links, it does not appear that population growth or inflation can come close to the dramatic increase in revenue 2003-2005.
The Jingoist
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parent??
(#34293)How about a little specificity?
I made clear that I was addressing one point only, people who claim that tax cuts pay for themselves, something Greg Mankiw addresses as well.
What’s the ‘real position’ I ignored or distorted?
This place is my vacation.
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parentSee my first comment - nt
(#34295)“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentHere’s your first
(#34297)Here’s your first comment:
Notice there is no specificity of any kind. This is now your third post in this diary and you still have not said what the ‘real position’ that I supposedly ignored or distorted is?
Why not save us all time and explain, clearly, what it is that I distorted.
This place is my vacation.
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parentGabe
(#34304)I'm not trying to be an ass, but I sincerely don't see it worth the time or the effort to explain the fallacies in your diary. The topic is too complex to be either as black and white as you attempt to frame it, and to be honest, I don't get the impression you're all that interested in the nuance given how you overstate the positions of those economists that do support your view. Economics is not a hard science, and it isn't a binary right or left.
Further, my message was to both you and Luis. It isn't worth arguing about, and it really isn't worth insulting each other.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentMac
(#34307)I don’t think you are being an ass but the topic I am addressing is not that complicated. I even clarified further in the diary what I was referring to.
There are still people that think that the tax cuts pay for themselves. That’s why McCain said what he did to the National Review. Bush himself as well as Cheney keep repeating this. So it’s not a strawman argument or something only some lunatic fringe believe.
And it is simply wrong as Mankiw and other conservative economists acknowledge. Other parts of the tax debate are very complex but this one isn’t. This one is simple. Tax cuts have not paid for themselves as the CBO, Mankiw, and the US Treasury all recognized.
This place is my vacation.
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parent[sigh]
(#34317)IF you'd instead stated, "Do tax cuts pay for themselves? Yes!"
I'd feel the same way. NOBODY can state definitely the future affects of tax changes, let alone the proportions of same. Viard's statement is total BS because he has no means to discern what revenue would have been without the tax cuts. He also fully knows it is a wag on his part, and that he's overstating it for rhetorical reasons.
Dynamic Scoring is a work in progress and there is still a long way to go. There's the entire causation versus correlation problem that cannot be resolved here. The Laffer Curve has no numbers, and nobody knows exactly the shape of the curve. We don't know, and can't know where we are on the curve at any given time. Additionally, all tax cuts or increases are not equal, and how each may flow through the economy will differ because investment is highly elastic relative labor or consumer stimulus. You can't measure a million micro decisions at the macro level because they can't be isolated from other... [blah, blah]
Further, you are misstating both what McCain and Cheney said. Each stated that there has been an increase in revenue after the tax cuts, neither said, 'tax cuts paid for themselves'.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentWell
(#34322)if you are going to go the it's-all-complicated-and-we-can't-know-anything route then there's not much to debate.
Viard is a good economist and Mankiw is an even better one. This topic has been studied over and ober and no serious economist thinks the tax cuts pay for themselves. If you wish to ignore this consensus it's your choice.
This place is my vacation.
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parentOh Please
(#34327)"if you are going to go the it's-all-complicated-and-we-can't-know-anything route then there's not much to debate.
You have it backward, there is much to debate (that's the point), and the only one here claiming there isn't are people who say insulting crap like:
"This topic has been studied over and ober (sic) and no serious economist thinks the tax cuts pay for themselves. If you wish to ignore this consensus it's your choice."
Overstating what serious economists actually say, and ignoring the limitations of what they can say with certainty, isn't a very serious method. Thanks though for confirming my first impulse, this is a total waste of time.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentMaybe next time you should heed your first impulse....
(#34333)...and ignore diaries as unworthy as this one.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentYep
(#34341)those first impulses are more often right than wrong.
"We should not tie the hands of law enforcement in the effort to bring these terrorists to justice"- Leon E. Panetta
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parentUmmm. Yeah. what was the question?
(#34347)The K Codes explained HERE.
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parentGunga galunga...
(#34352)gunga, gunga-galunga.
"We should not tie the hands of law enforcement in the effort to bring these terrorists to justice"- Leon E. Panetta
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parent"oh, there won't be any money"
(#34401)I love that scene. Supposedly it was ad libbed. The comic genius and illicit drugs required to come up with that off the cuff is astounding.
Over here on E Street, we're proud to support Obama for President. - Bruce Springsteen
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parentBig hitter, the Lama? -nt-
(#34353).
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentThe big question
(#34356)isn't whether the Lama was a big hitter. He most assuredly was.
No, the really big question is whether the base of that glacier with the ten-thousand foot crevasse is retreating due to global warming.
Excess on occasion is exhilarating. It prevents moderation from acquiring the deadening effect of a habit. - W. Somerset Maugham
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parentHave Carl get an ice core sample
(#34359)while he's tracking down the Lama's ball.
"We should not tie the hands of law enforcement in the effort to bring these terrorists to justice"- Leon E. Panetta
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parentSorry, did you say Lama's ball or Llama's bell?
(#34394)both singular, I think...
The K Codes explained HERE.
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parentDon't bother. We all know global warming's caused by
(#34361)varmints.
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentVarmint Cong
(#34367)the guerrilla army destroying the planet by one expelled flatus at a time.
"We should not tie the hands of law enforcement in the effort to bring these terrorists to justice"- Leon E. Panetta
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parentAnd guerilla flatus
(#34370)is the worst offender of all.
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentUndoubtedly.
(#34371)But one important safety tip...
If you happen to be near a gorilla when that happens, don't make a big issue out of it.
Excess on occasion is exhilarating. It prevents moderation from acquiring the deadening effect of a habit. - W. Somerset Maugham
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parentIt's best to let him vent. -nt-
(#34381).
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentJust an airy dismissal...
(#34395)The K Codes explained HERE.
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parentJust let it pass
(#34479)just this text
Chuck Norris recently returned from the Virgin Islands. Now they are just called 'The Islands'.
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parentSo I got that goin' for me,
(#34354)which is nice.
"We should not tie the hands of law enforcement in the effort to bring these terrorists to justice"- Leon E. Panetta
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parentif it's such a waste of time
(#34331)why do you bother posting?
I'm sorry but there isn't that much debate about what I am talking about. There is debate about other, related issues but NOT about what I am talking about. In fact, there is plenty of consensus, which is my point. Read my sig.
This place is my vacation.
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parentExactly
(#34337)There's no debate. It's only a straw man, you and all the "serious" economists have shredded it, and you've now got fist fulls of straw!
Bravo.
“I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views.”
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parentSo why're you still trying to make hay of it? -nt-
(#34351).
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentAt What Point Does Accusing Someone of Making....
(#34350)Oh, never mind.
“Two clichés make us laugh but a hundred clichés move us, because we sense dimly that the clichés are talking among themselves, celebrating a reunion." - Umberto Eco
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parentBlue Neponset
(#34342)was probably right. If this is what you are going to post you should have followed your first instinct.
This place is my vacation.
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parentIf Cheney and McCain....
(#34321)...do not claim a cause and effect relationship between tax cuts and an increase in tax revenues then why do they mention that one happens after the other?
My answer: They are claiming that the tax cuts were responsible for the increase in tax revenues. Otherwise it wouldn't matter which came first.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentCan you dumb it down a shade?
(#34296)I can't figure out what the 'real position' is either.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentYes Luis
(#34270)You know more than all the economists.
Sigh...
This place is my vacation.
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parentI know more than the CBO
(#34273)Mr. Gabriel,
Apparently, as I have called it closer than they have three years running, and will do so again this year.
If you are so certain of you experts, will you put some money on it ?
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parentOf course you do Luis
(#34274)And you know more than Mankiw as well.
Such a smart lad.
This place is my vacation.
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parentMoney please
(#34276)Mr. Gabriel,
Money talks, B_S_ walks. Talk or walk ? How confident are you ?
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parentDid you teach Mankiw?
(#34277)Just curious.
This place is my vacation.
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parentYou're Getting Very Close. . .
(#34281). . .to a line I drew a few days back, Gabriel. Please don't cross it.
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.--from Ulysses, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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parentExcuse me?
(#34284)What line is that?
Luis is publicly claiming he knows more about this topic than the Congressional Budget Office, the Treasury Dept, and Greg Mankiw, the former head of Bush's Council of Economic Advisers.
This place is my vacation.
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parentAsking If. . .
(#34412). . .a commenter was the teacher of an expert that you happen to be touting as a (rather weak) method of sarcastically rebutting that commenter's remarks is fairly close to arguing that the other commenter can't discuss a topic without (x) credentials, which I indicated* a while back that I would consider as uncivil. Make your case without denigrating Luis' credentials to discuss economics.
Edit: *--the comment where I so indicated can be found here.
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.--from Ulysses, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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parentYou are no fun!
(#34416)What's left for me?
It's not really what I was trying to say but OK, point taken.
This place is my vacation.
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parentMr. Luis is specifically pointing to flaws
(#34312)In the reports of your favored experts. He has offered measurable differrences and backs up his data.
You, at least on this diary, are simply demanding deference to your choice of experts.
Such deference to "experts" is not warranted, nor is it logical.
The Jingoist
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parentI can't let this go unchallenged.
(#34319)Mr. Alegria has successfully predicted the direction of the CBO's error, but the economics and math behind the predictions are not entirely sensical. The fact that the more economically minded of us haven't bothered to discuss them has more to do with exhaustion than acceptance of his premises.
I don't trust the CBO's predictive numbers in general; they've shown too much of a willingness to shade to make whoever is in power look good.
If one were to ask me why the CBO consistently underestimates tax revenues these days, I'd say either the above or that they are operating from obsolete models where economic growth is more evenly distributed across income levels. If growth is concentrated on the high portion of the income spectrum, then since they have higher marginal income tax rates, they will pay more in income taxes.
It's impossible to debate if people simply hold beliefs that have no grounding in reality.
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parentWhat is not sensical ?
(#34426)Mr. Maximus,
I have done the simplest of math - I have taken cumulative monthly YTD revenues and projected straight-line to EOY. The seasonal structure of Federal revenues, plus the steady policy environment, is very amenable to this. One cannot expect great accuracy from this method, but for my purposes, for the last few years, you didn't have to do more to be more accurate than the CBO up to one year ahead. If you have no better information and you need a SWAG in practical applications, this is pretty darn common.
As for politics, the administration would have benefited greatly from better anticipation of tax revenues as a result of their tax cuts. They have instead permitted the agencies to be consistently gloomy. The CBO (and the rest of the agencies) have done the administration no favors.
I believe they are working from obsolete models. The biggest errors was in failing to predict corporate income, capital gains and (probably) dividend income increases, as these factors between them caused the revenue "surprise".
Two of these were affected directly and profoundly by the JGTRRA of 2003, and corporate income may have been affected indirectly, as a desire to issue more dividends (a more attractive proposition at lower tax rates) would require recognizing higher profits.
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parentNo
(#34314)he doesn't back up his data and he has not proven what he think he has proven. There's a reason why no serious economist agrees with Luis and it's not because Luis knows more than they do.
Luis has shown, in the CA GDP debate and the Government savings debate among others, that he simply doesn't know very basic stuff about the economic topics he addresses. This is yet another example.
In the end though this diary was not about Luis but about people like McCain and what real economic experts from the right have to say about them.
This place is my vacation.
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parentYes, I know, ALL the SERIOUS people agree with you.
(#34324)Except the point is not that tax cuts increase revenue - your straw man.
The point is that tax cuts increase economic activity. The question is how much.
The question is not whether we can craft a tax program that always maximizes government revenue.
The question is how to generate sufficient government revenue while reducing drag on the economy.
The debate should be on the proper level of deficit spending compared with tax revenue; and the economic effects of the various taxes.
The Jingoist
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parentHow do tax cuts increase economic activity?
(#34330)I would agree that deficit spending increases economic activity but I fail to see how a tax cut with a corresponding spending cut would increase economic activity.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentIn several ways
(#34348)Mr. Neponset,
Two off the top of my head -
1. With spending cuts, they reduce the footprint of the government and the crowding-out effect on private consumption and investment. Economic returns on private investment tend to be greater than government investment.
2. They reduce distortions in economic decisions driven by taxation - one effect was the the decline of the tax shelter industry in the 1980's for instance.
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parentNever mind. -nt-
(#34474).
It's impossible to debate if people simply hold beliefs that have no grounding in reality.
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parentThanks for the response
(#34357)Mr. Alegria,
1. With spending cuts, they reduce the footprint of the government and the crowding-out effect on private consumption and investment. Economic returns on private investment tend to be greater than government investment.
The government is spending its money in the private sector so the private sector gets to invest that money into what it wishes.
2. They reduce distortions in economic decisions driven by taxation - one effect was the the decline of the tax shelter industry in the 1980's for instance
I agree that the gov't would save money if it collected taxes more efficiently. I don't think that is relevant to our discussion though.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentif you read
(#34363)the argument the WH made when the tax cuts passed it was a demand-side argument, saying that the tax cuts would increase the public's spending power.
This place is my vacation.
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parentThats not the way it works
(#34362)Mr. Neponset,
1. The crowding out effect represents a real diversion of what would be private consumption and investment into government priorities. The money spent is not just returned to private hands - it is used in a different way, the recycling of the money would have happened anyway - the resources obtained with this money (labor, materials, etc.) are used for a different purpose. A social worker may be hired instead of a manufacturing engineer, or school facilities are built instead of a shopping mall.
2. Well, there is also an effect on collections of course, but this is something else - it is a problem within the private economy in that it is less efficient because it has to deal with distortions in decision making due to tax considerations, such as, for instance, a tendency to make sub-optimal investments in order to avoid a tax liability. A person may, for instance, liquidate a pivate company and move the funds offshore, placed in relatively low-return financial instruments, to avoid inheritance taxes, when the same money could have been used to create and market new products or services.
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parentThanks again
(#34378)Mr. Alegria,
Point 1.
The government doesn't build schools; private sector companies build schools. If I build a strip mall for the same amount of money the government spends to build an elementary school how is my project helping the economy more?
I can't imagine a scenario where the projects would be mutually exclusive so I don't see how the private sector is crowded out.
Point 2.
Death and taxes will always be considered when investing money.
The bottom line for me is.....capital markets just aren't effected enough by government spending to have a material effect on the economy in the time frame we are discussing.
"And now you run in search of the Jedi. They are all dead, save one. And one broken Jedi cannot stop the darkness that is to come." -Darth Sion
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parentFurther explication
(#34422)Mr. Neponset,
1. Thats where the money comes in - one version of crowding out - if the government taxes (or borrows) money away in order to build schools, available funds are more scarce, interest rates go up, private developer does not get loan, no strip mall.
These things are not 1-for-1 mutually exclusive, it is a cumulative effect across the whole economy. Prospective investment on the margin are the first to be deferred.
All things considered, government investment in general is less effective in generating growth than private investment.
2. That was just an example, but a clear and pertinent one, as this sort of thing happens all the time. Money flees areas with high taxes. Thats why we have tax havens in Switzerland or Jersey or the Caribbean.
Other examples of tax shelters are the widespread practice of, for instance, overpaying for an asset (at one time ranches were popular for some reason) to generate a loss to offset a gain elsewhere, or convert it to a different form of income that can be recognized at a lower rate, or to obtain some kind of tax benefit. There is an infinite variety of these things, designed to take advantage of one or another quirk of the law. All of them come with some sort of cost or risk, so reducing the potential benefit through reducing tax rates makes a proportion of them unattractive.
Capital markets are indeed affected by government taxing and spending.
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parentNot qualified for this discussion, but
(#34364)(not that it ever stopped me before), all of your examples under #2 are fairly common tax-avoidance practices today.
Thank you! Vote Republican!
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parentActually they don't
(#34332)Even the WH has recognized that tax cuts that are not accompanied by corresponding spending cuts REDUCE growth.
This place is my vacation.
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parentThe point of THIS diary IS
(#34326)that tax cuts don't pay for themselves. You may think that a strawman but many people and politicians on the Right continue to repeat this falsehood.
The other debates you mention are all very interesting but THEY ARE NOT what I am discussing. That's why I have the sig I have.
This place is my vacation.
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parentYou keep on switching from the specific to the general.
(#34335)Are you talking about all tax cuts, then you are misstating your own experts.
If you are talking about the tax cuts of 2003, then I'd just ask you address those who speak the "falsehood" you are bitching about.
The funny thing just might be that they do not define the terms the same way you do.
The Jingoist
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parentTrue
(#34345)I rarely write anything that on re-reading I don't think I could have made clearer. This is no exception.
I am not referring to all tax cuts possible but to what Mankiw and the others are referring to, the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts as well as the record of the Reagan tax cuts.
This place is my vacation.
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parentMoney Please
(#34280)Mr. Gabriel,
As stated previously.
If you do not have the courage of your convictions, then you could just say so.
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parentLuis
(#34282)Let's not do this--in a public forvm like this one it might even be technically illegal, though of course no one would ever prosecute even if it is. Keep it cool.
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.--from Ulysses, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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parentNope
(#34279)Mr. Gabriel,
I've just noticed some things that people like him have missed, because, although I'm no economist, I am an institutional budgeteer, and the CBO's assumptions looked very off to me. Professionally speaking, you do not make revenue projection errors of 5% or so in the same direction for three years running without re-examining your projection models. You do not under-estimate your revenue collections for five months in a fiscal year at 5% a month, in the same direction, without doing the same. Your boss is going to ask some interesting questions.
And the causes for these errors in projections are in fact obvious to anyone who bothers to look. Look for yourself, I've provided the references.
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parent